Governments generally cannot simply access all of your private internet data whenever they want. The rules depend heavily on the country, the type of data, and the government agency involved.
In Canada, for example, police and other authorities can obtain certain information from internet and telecommunications companies through legal processes such as warrants, production orders, or other statutory powers. Some situations allow access under more limited requirements, particularly for basic subscriber information. The provider may also be legally prohibited from telling you about a particular request.
There are several different categories of data:
- Public information: Anything you deliberately publish publicly can generally be viewed without special legal authority.
- Account/subscriber information: Things such as your name associated with an account or IP-address records may be obtainable through legal processes.
- Stored communications: Private emails, messages, cloud files, etc. generally receive stronger legal protections.
- Metadata: Who communicated with whom, when, IP addresses and connection information can be extremely revealing even without seeing the actual message.
- Content in transit: Encryption can make interception substantially more difficult, particularly when strong end-to-end encryption is used.
The important distinction is between "the government can potentially obtain information" and "the government always has access to everything." Those are very different propositions.
Also, "without you knowing" can be true in some circumstances. A person may not be notified immediately—or at all—about certain government information requests, depending on the applicable law and investigation.
And there's another important wrinkle: companies themselves may have enormous amounts of information about you. Governments don't necessarily need to "hack" anyone. They can sometimes obtain information through legal demands directed at the companies that already possess it.
So I'd phrase your idea this way:
Private information on the internet isn't necessarily inaccessible to governments. Depending on the jurisdiction and circumstances, governments can legally obtain certain information from service providers, sometimes without the individual being notified at the time.

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