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Saturday, October 03, 2026

FYI - The Cloud

the cloud

FYIThe term "The Cloud" refers to a network of servers that provide various services over the internet. These services include data storage, computing power, and application hosting, among others. Here’s a detailed breakdown of what constitutes the cloud and where it is:

What is The Cloud?

"The Cloud" is essentially a collection of servers, data centres, and related infrastructure that deliver computing services over the internet. These services can be broadly categorized into three types:

  1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):

    • Provides virtualized computing resources over the internet.
    • Examples: Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
  2. Platform as a Service (PaaS):

    • Provides hardware and software tools over the internet, typically for application development.
    • Examples: Heroku, Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Services.
  3. Software as a Service (SaaS):

    • Delivers software applications over the internet, on a subscription basis.
    • Examples: Google Workspace (formerly G Suite), Microsoft Office 365, Salesforce.

What Makes Up The Cloud?

The cloud is composed of various components that work together to provide seamless services:

  1. Data Centres:

    • Physical facilities that house the servers and networking equipment.
    • Data centres are equipped with advanced cooling systems, power backups, and security measures.
  2. Servers:

    • Powerful computers that store data and run applications.
    • Servers can be physical (dedicated hardware) or virtual (software-based instances on physical hardware).
  3. Networking Equipment:

    • Routers, switches, and other devices that facilitate data transfer between servers and end-users.
  4. Storage Systems:

    • Hard drives, SSDs, and other storage media used to store data.
    • Cloud storage systems often use redundancy and distribution to ensure data availability and reliability.
  5. Virtualization Technology:

    • Software that creates virtual versions of physical components, enabling efficient resource utilization.
    • Examples: VMware, Hyper-V, KVM.
  6. APIs and Management Tools:

    • Interfaces and software tools that allow users to interact with cloud services.
    • Examples: AWS Management Console, Google Cloud Console, Azure Portal.

Where is The Cloud?

The cloud is not located in a single place; it is distributed across numerous data centres around the world. These data centres are strategically placed to ensure high availability, low latency, and redundancy. Major cloud service providers like AWS, Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure have data centres in multiple regions and countries.

  • Amazon Web Services (AWS): Has a global network of regions and availability zones, including locations in North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and South America.
  • Google Cloud Platform (GCP): Also has a widespread network with regions in North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and more.
  • Microsoft Azure: Offers services through data centres in numerous regions worldwide, including North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America.

Summary

The Cloud is a vast network of servers providing computing services over the internet. It is made up of data centres, servers, networking equipment, storage systems, virtualization technology, and management tools. These components are distributed globally, allowing for reliable and efficient access to data and applications from anywhere in the world.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Interesting Facts

banana, strawberry and orange

Here are ten interesting facts from various fields:

1. Honey Never Spoils

Honey has been found in ancient Egyptian tombs that is still edible after thousands of years. Its long shelf life is due to its low moisture content and acidic pH, which inhibit bacterial growth.

2. Bananas Are Berries, but Strawberries Aren't

Botanically speaking, a berry is a fruit produced from the ovary of a single flower with seeds embedded in the flesh. By this definition, bananas qualify as berries, whereas strawberries do not because they develop from a flower with multiple ovaries.

3. There Are More Possible Iterations of a Game of Chess Than Atoms in the Known Universe

The number of possible unique chess games is estimated to be around 10^120, which vastly exceeds the number of atoms in the observable universe, estimated to be around 10^80.

4. A Day on Venus is Longer Than a Year on Venus

Venus takes about 243 Earth days to rotate once on its axis, but it only takes about 225 Earth days to orbit the Sun. This means a day on Venus (one full rotation) is longer than a Venusian year (one full orbit around the Sun).

5. Octopuses Have Three Hearts

Two hearts pump blood to the gills, while the third pumps it to the rest of the body. Octopus blood is blue because it contains a copper-based molecule called hemocyanin.

6. Wombat Poop is Cube-Shaped

Wombats produce cube-shaped feces, which helps them mark their territory without the droppings rolling away. The unique shape is due to the varied elasticity of the wombat’s intestines.

7. The Eiffel Tower Can Be 15 cm Taller During the Summer

The iron structure of the Eiffel Tower expands in the heat, causing it to grow by up to 15 centimetres (about 6 inches) during hot summer days.

8. Humans Share 60% of Their DNA with Bananas

While humans share about 99% of their DNA with other humans and 98% with chimpanzees, they also share about 60% with bananas, highlighting the fundamental similarities in the DNA sequences of all living organisms.

9. A Single Cloud Can Weigh More Than a Million Pounds

Clouds may look light and fluffy, but they are actually quite heavy. A single cumulus cloud can weigh roughly 1.1 million pounds (500,000 kilograms), thanks to the water droplets it contains.

10. Sharks Have Been Around Longer Than Trees

Sharks have existed for about 400 million years, whereas the earliest trees appeared around 350 million years ago. This makes sharks older than trees by about 50 million years.

These facts span a wide range of subjects, highlighting the fascinating diversity and complexity of our world.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

5 animated & live-action movie mashups

Mary Poppins

Combining animated and live-action elements in films can create unique and engaging experiences. Here are five notable movie mashups that blend animation and live-action:

1. Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)

Director: Robert Zemeckis

Synopsis: This groundbreaking film set in 1947 Los Angeles blends live-action with traditional animation. It follows Eddie Valiant, a private detective who must exonerate Roger Rabbit, a cartoon character framed for murder. The film is renowned for its seamless integration of live-action and animated characters, as well as its nostalgic homage to classic cartoon characters from both Warner Bros. and Disney.

Impact: The movie was a significant technical achievement for its time and won several Academy Awards, including a Special Achievement Award for Animation Direction and Creation of Animated Characters.

2. Space Jam (1996)

Director: Joe Pytka

Synopsis: This sports comedy combines live-action and animation, starring Michael Jordan and the Looney Tunes characters. The film's plot revolves around the Looney Tunes recruiting Michael Jordan to help them win a basketball game against alien invaders who want to enslave them.

Impact: "Space Jam" became a cultural phenomenon and introduced a new generation to the Looney Tunes. It also featured a memorable soundtrack and merchandise line.

3. Mary Poppins (1964)

Director: Robert Stevenson

Synopsis: This beloved musical film, based on the books by P.L. Travers, features live-action actors interacting with animated characters in several sequences. Julie Andrews stars as Mary Poppins, a magical nanny who brings joy and adventure to the lives of the Banks children.

Impact: "Mary Poppins" was a critical and commercial success, winning five Academy Awards. The film's blend of live-action and animation was pioneering at the time and has influenced many subsequent films.

4. Enchanted (2007)

Director: Kevin Lima

Synopsis: This romantic comedy fantasy film begins with traditional animation set in the fairy tale land of Andalasia. The animated characters, including Princess Giselle, are magically transported to live-action modern-day New York City. The film humorously juxtaposes the idealized fairy tale world with the complexities of real life.

Impact: "Enchanted" was praised for its clever satire of Disney's own animated classics and for Amy Adams's performance as Giselle. It received multiple award nominations and was a box office success.

5. The Lego Movie (2014)

Directors: Phil Lord and Christopher Miller

Synopsis: While primarily an animated film, "The Lego Movie" incorporates live-action sequences to blur the line between the Lego universe and the real world. The story follows an ordinary Lego minifigure named Emmet who is mistakenly identified as the "Special," destined to save the Lego universe.

Impact: The film was a critical and commercial hit, known for its humour, animation style, and heartfelt story. It spawned sequels and spin-offs, and its unique blending of animation and live-action was particularly effective in its narrative climax.

These films exemplify the creative possibilities of combining animation with live-action. Each movie uses this blend to enhance storytelling, create memorable characters, and provide audiences with visually engaging experiences. Whether through technical innovation or narrative creativity, these films have left a lasting impact on cinema.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Friday, October 02, 2026

LGBT Trailblazers - Jane Rigby

Jane Rigby

PRIDE Progress FlagJane Rigby is a distinguished astrophysicist who recently received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honour in the United States. Rigby, who identifies as a lesbian, is renowned for her role as the senior project scientist for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) at NASA. This prestigious award recognizes her significant contributions to astrophysics and her advocacy for the LGBTQ+ community in the scientific field.

Rigby's journey in astronomy began in Delaware, where she developed an early passion for stargazing. She pursued her undergraduate studies in physics and astronomy at Penn State University, followed by a master’s degree and a PhD in astronomy from the University of Arizona​ (Space.com)​​ (Q Voice News)​. Her professional career includes extensive research at the Keck and Magellan Observatories and significant contributions to the Hubble Space Telescope before she took on her pivotal role with the JWST.

As the chief scientist of the JWST, Rigby has been at the forefront of groundbreaking discoveries that delve into the early universe's history, studying everything from the first light after the Big Bang to the formation of solar systems​ (Washington Blade)​. Her work has been widely recognized, including being named one of Nature.com's 10 individuals who shaped science in 2022 and listed among the BBC's 100 inspiring and influential women the same year​ (Washington Blade)​.

Rigby's impact extends beyond her scientific achievements. She is a founding member of the American Astronomical Society’s Committee for Sexual Orientation and Gender Minorities in Astronomy, advocating for greater inclusion and support for LGBTQ+ individuals in the scientific community. She has been a vocal proponent of integrating community-building and inclusive practices within scientific endeavors, emphasizing the importance of considering community impact and fostering diverse teams to tackle scientific problems​ (Q Voice News)​​ (Washington Blade)​.

Her personal journey has also been influential. Rigby came out as a lesbian in 2000 and has navigated the challenges of being a queer person in science. She credits her experiences with giving her a unique perspective that enhances her scientific work. Rigby believes that her identity as an LGBTQ+ individual has made her a better scientist by fostering resilience and a strong sense of community-building​ (Q Voice News)​​ (Washington Blade)​.

Rigby lives in Maryland with her wife, Dr. Andrea Leistra, and their child. Her receipt of the Presidential Medal of Freedom not only honors her scientific contributions but also her role as an inspiring leader and advocate for equality in the sciences​ (Q Voice News)​​ (Washington Blade)​.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Origins: "Beyond the pale"

Beyond the pale

originsThe phrase "beyond the pale" means something that is outside the bounds of acceptable behaviour or standards. When someone or something is described as "beyond the pale," it indicates that the action or behaviour is considered unreasonable, unacceptable, or beyond what is deemed appropriate by societal norms.

Origins of the Phrase

The origin of the phrase "beyond the pale" is rooted in historical and geographical contexts. The word "pale" comes from the Latin word "palus," meaning "stake" or "pole." This term evolved into the English word "pale," which referred to a boundary or enclosed area marked by stakes or palings. Over time, "pale" came to signify a defined area under control or jurisdiction, often with the connotation of safety and order.

The Pale of Settlement

One significant historical use of the term "pale" was the "Pale of Settlement" in Ireland. In the late Middle Ages, the English established a controlled area around Dublin, which was fortified and under English rule. This region, known as the "Pale," was considered civilized and safe compared to the lands outside it, which were seen as wild and lawless. To be "beyond the pale" meant to be outside this area of English control and civilization, implying a descent into disorder and danger.

The Russian Pale

Another historical reference is the "Pale of Settlement" in the Russian Empire. From the late 18th century to the early 20th century, this term referred to the region where Jews were allowed to live within the Russian Empire. Areas outside this "pale" were generally off-limits for permanent Jewish residency. The connotation of restriction and exclusion associated with the Russian Pale further solidified the phrase's negative implications.

Evolution into Common Usage

The phrase "beyond the pale" entered common English usage to describe actions or behaviours that transgress established boundaries of acceptability. Over time, its use expanded from specific geographical and jurisdictional contexts to more abstract notions of social and moral boundaries.

Usage in Literature

The phrase has been used in literature to emphasize the severity of actions considered outside societal norms. For instance, in Sir John Harrington’s 17th-century translation of Ariosto’s "Orlando Furioso," the phrase is used to describe actions that are out of bounds.

Modern Interpretation

Today, "beyond the pale" is used broadly to describe anything that is unacceptable or improper by conventional standards. It retains the original sense of transgressing boundaries but applies more generally to moral, social, or professional contexts.

For example:

  • A politician making a particularly offensive statement might be described as having said something "beyond the pale."
  • An unethical business practice could be referred to as "beyond the pale" because it violates accepted ethical standards.

In summary, the phrase "beyond the pale" has its origins in historical regions marked by boundaries of control and civilization. Initially referring to specific geographical areas, the term evolved to describe behaviour that is outside the bounds of what is acceptable or appropriate. Its enduring use highlights the concept of transgressing limits, whether they be social, moral, or professional.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

FYI - Mindsets

Mind Sets

FYI"Mindsets" refer to the underlying beliefs and attitudes that shape how individuals perceive and respond to various situations. The concept of mindsets, particularly popularized by psychologist Carol Dweck in her seminal work "Mindset: The New Psychology of Success," is pivotal in understanding how people approach challenges, failures, and successes in their personal and professional lives. Dweck distinguishes between two primary types of mindsets: the fixed mindset and the growth mindset. Each of these mindsets influences behavior, motivation, and ultimately, achievement.

Fixed Mindset

A fixed mindset is characterized by the belief that abilities and intelligence are static traits. Individuals with a fixed mindset perceive their talents and intelligence as inherent and unchangeable. Consequently, they tend to avoid challenges, fearing that failure might expose their perceived limitations. This mindset leads to a desire to appear smart and competent at all times, often resulting in a reluctance to take risks or try new things.

People with a fixed mindset often view effort negatively, believing that needing to exert effort implies a lack of inherent ability. They may shy away from tasks that require sustained effort or persistence, choosing instead to stick to activities where they can easily excel. When faced with setbacks, those with a fixed mindset are more likely to give up, attributing failure to a lack of natural talent.

Growth Mindset

In contrast, a growth mindset is based on the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed through dedication, hard work, and perseverance. Individuals with a growth mindset see challenges as opportunities to learn and grow. They are more likely to embrace difficult tasks, understanding that effort is a necessary component of improvement and success.

Those with a growth mindset view failure not as a reflection of their inherent capabilities but as a valuable feedback mechanism. They are more resilient in the face of setbacks, using them as learning experiences to refine their strategies and approaches. This mindset fosters a love of learning and a resilience that is essential for achieving high levels of accomplishment.

Implications of Mindsets

The implications of these mindsets extend to various domains of life, including education, business, and personal development. In educational settings, students with a growth mindset are more likely to embrace challenges, persist in the face of difficulties, and ultimately achieve higher levels of academic success. Educators can foster a growth mindset in students by praising effort, strategies, and progress rather than innate ability.

In the workplace, a growth mindset can lead to a culture of continuous improvement, innovation, and resilience. Employees who believe in their potential to grow are more likely to seek out feedback, engage in professional development, and take on new challenges. Leaders can cultivate a growth mindset within their organizations by encouraging risk-taking, learning from failures, and emphasizing the importance of effort and persistence.

Cultivating a Growth Mindset

Cultivating a growth mindset involves changing the way individuals perceive their abilities and approach challenges. Here are several strategies to develop a growth mindset:

  1. Embrace Challenges: View challenges as opportunities to learn and grow rather than threats to competence.
  2. Persist in the Face of Setbacks: Understand that failure is a natural part of the learning process. Use setbacks as opportunities to analyze what went wrong and how to improve.
  3. Value Effort: Recognize that effort is essential for development and success. Praise effort and strategies rather than innate talent.
  4. Learn from Criticism: Accept constructive criticism as valuable feedback rather than a personal attack. Use it to identify areas for improvement.
  5. Celebrate Others' Successes: Instead of feeling threatened by the success of others, use it as inspiration. Learn from their strategies and efforts.

Real-World Applications

In the real world, the impact of mindsets is evident in various success stories and case studies. For instance, athletes like Michael Jordan and Serena Williams exemplify a growth mindset through their relentless practice, perseverance, and willingness to learn from failures. In the business world, companies like Google and Microsoft foster cultures that encourage innovation, learning from mistakes, and continuous improvement.

In conclusion, mindsets play a critical role in shaping how individuals approach life's challenges and opportunities. While a fixed mindset can limit potential and stifle growth, a growth mindset can lead to significant personal and professional development. By understanding and cultivating a growth mindset, individuals can enhance their resilience, motivation, and overall success.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Thursday, October 01, 2026

Actor's ages - "The Wizard of OZ"

"The Wizard of Oz," a classic film released in 1939, featured a range of actors of various ages. Here are the ages of the principal cast members during the time of filming, which took place primarily in 1938:

  1. Judy Garland (Dorothy Gale) - Judy Garland was born on June 10, 1922. She was 16 years old when filming began.
  2. Ray Bolger (Scarecrow/Hunk) - Ray Bolger was born on January 10, 1904. He was 34 years old during filming.
  3. Jack Haley (Tin Man/Hickory) - Jack Haley was born on August 10, 1897. He was 40 years old when he joined the cast, replacing the original Tin Man, Buddy Ebsen, who had to leave due to a severe allergic reaction to the aluminum powder used in his makeup.
  4. Bert Lahr (Cowardly Lion/Zeke) - Bert Lahr was born on August 13, 1895. He was 43 years old at the time of filming.
  5. Margaret Hamilton (Wicked Witch of the West/Miss Gulch) - Margaret Hamilton was born on December 9, 1902. She was 35 years old during the production of the film.
  6. Billie Burke (Glinda, the Good Witch of the North) - Billie Burke was born on August 7, 1884. She was 53 years old while filming "The Wizard of Oz."
  7. Frank Morgan (Professor Marvel/The Wizard of Oz/and others) - Frank Morgan was born on June 1, 1890. He was 48 years old during the film's production.
  8. Charley Grapewin (Uncle Henry) - Charley Grapewin was born on December 20, 1869. He was 68 years old at the time of filming.
  9. Clara Blandick (Aunt Em) - Clara Blandick was born on June 4, 1876. She was 62 years old during the filming.

The Munchkins:

The Munchkins in "The Wizard of Oz" were played by members of the Singer Midgets, a troupe managed by Leo Singer. This group of performers was composed primarily of adult dwarfs, rather than children. Here are some notable facts about the Munchkin actors:

  1. Jerry Maren (Lollipop Guild Member) - Born on January 24, 1920, Jerry Maren was 18 years old when he played one of the members of the Lollipop Guild. He is often remembered as the last surviving Munchkin actor from the film, passing away in 2018.

  2. Billy Barty - Born on October 25, 1924, Billy Barty was 14 years old during the filming. Although not as prominently featured as Maren, Barty had a long and successful career in entertainment.

Most of the Munchkin actors were adults, with their ages typically ranging from their late teens to middle age. The Singer Midgets troupe included performers from various backgrounds, some of whom had already established careers in vaudeville and theatre before joining the cast of "The Wizard of Oz."

The exact ages of many of the Munchkin actors aren't well-documented individually, but collectively, their contribution added a unique and memorable element to the film. The group's portrayal of the joyful and colorful inhabitants of Munchkinland remains one of the most iconic aspects of the movie.

These ages give a sense of the varied experience and backgrounds of the actors who brought this timeless story to life.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

FYI - The SR-71 Blackbird

SR-71 Blackbird

FYIThe SR-71 Blackbird is a marvel of aeronautical engineering and a symbol of Cold War-era technological advancement. Designed by Lockheed’s Skunk Works division, the SR-71 served as a long-range, advanced, strategic reconnaissance aircraft for the United States Air Force from the 1960s until its retirement in the late 1990s. Here’s an in-depth look at this iconic aircraft, its design, capabilities, and legacy.

Development and Design

Origins and Development The SR-71’s development began in the 1950s amidst the heightened tensions of the Cold War. The United States needed an aircraft capable of performing reconnaissance missions deep into enemy territory without being detected or intercepted. Lockheed's Skunk Works, led by legendary engineer Clarence "Kelly" Johnson, was tasked with this mission. The result was a series of aircraft leading up to the SR-71, starting with the U-2 spy plane and evolving through the A-12 Oxcart program.

Innovative Design The SR-71’s design incorporated numerous groundbreaking technologies:

  • Materials: The aircraft was built primarily from titanium, a metal capable of withstanding the extreme temperatures generated by sustained high-speed flight. Over 85% of the SR-71's structure consisted of titanium alloys, sourced from the Soviet Union under the guise of civilian use.
  • Aerodynamics: Its sleek, elongated fuselage and delta wings minimized drag and maximized stability at high speeds. The Blackbird's distinctive chines, sharp-edged fuselage extensions running along the sides, improved aerodynamics and added lift.
  • Engines: Two Pratt & Whitney J58-P4 engines powered the SR-71. These engines could operate in a hybrid mode between turbojet and ramjet, allowing the Blackbird to achieve speeds exceeding Mach 3 (approximately 2,200 miles per hour).
  • Cooling Systems: High-speed flight generated immense heat. The aircraft’s fuel, JP-7, was used as a coolant, circulating through heat exchangers before being injected into the engines.

Performance and Capabilities

Speed and Altitude The SR-71 was designed to cruise at speeds over Mach 3 at altitudes of 85,000 feet or higher. At such speeds and heights, it could outrun any missile threat and stay out of reach of enemy aircraft. The aircraft set numerous records, including the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft record.

Stealth Features Although not a stealth aircraft in the modern sense, the SR-71 featured several design elements aimed at reducing its radar cross-section. Its black paint, containing tiny iron ferrite particles, helped dissipate heat and absorbed radar signals, contributing to its nickname, the "Blackbird."

Sensors and Reconnaissance Equipment The SR-71 carried an array of advanced sensors and cameras capable of capturing high-resolution images from high altitudes. These included:

  • Optical and Radar Imaging: Advanced optical cameras and side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) systems provided detailed imagery, day or night, and in all weather conditions.
  • Electronic Intelligence (ELINT): The aircraft could intercept and record electronic signals from enemy radar and communication systems, providing valuable intelligence.

Operational History

Cold War Missions The SR-71 played a crucial role during the Cold War, providing vital intelligence on Soviet military activities and capabilities. Its high-speed, high-altitude flight profile made it nearly invulnerable to the air defense systems of the time. Blackbirds conducted reconnaissance missions over volatile regions, including North Vietnam, the Middle East, and the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

Notable Achievements The SR-71 set numerous records throughout its operational life:

  • Speed and Altitude Records: It holds the record for the fastest air-breathing manned aircraft, reaching a speed of 2,193.2 miles per hour (Mach 3.3) on July 28, 1976. It also holds the record for the highest sustained flight altitude for a manned aircraft, at 85,069 feet.
  • Transcontinental Speed Record: On March 6, 1990, the SR-71 flew from Los Angeles to Washington D.C. in 1 hour, 4 minutes, and 20 seconds, averaging a speed of 2,124 miles per hour.

Retirement and Legacy The SR-71 was officially retired in 1998, primarily due to the high operational costs and the advent of satellite reconnaissance technology. However, its legacy endures:

  • Technological Impact: The innovations developed for the SR-71, particularly in materials science and aerodynamics, influenced future aircraft designs and technologies.
  • Cultural Icon: The Blackbird remains a symbol of cutting-edge technology and Cold War-era ingenuity. It has been featured in numerous films, documentaries, and exhibits, continuing to captivate the public’s imagination.
  • Museum Exhibits: Many SR-71s are preserved in museums across the United States, including the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum and the Museum of Flight in Seattle, allowing the public to appreciate their advanced design and historical significance.

Technical Specifications

General Characteristics

  • Crew: 2 (pilot and reconnaissance systems officer)
  • Length: 107.4 feet (32.74 meters)
  • Wingspan: 55.6 feet (16.94 meters)
  • Height: 18.5 feet (5.64 meters)
  • Empty Weight: 67,500 pounds (30,600 kg)
  • Max Takeoff Weight: 170,000 pounds (77,000 kg)

Performance

  • Maximum Speed: Mach 3.3 (2,200+ mph, 3,540+ km/h)
  • Cruise Speed: Mach 3.2 (2,200 mph, 3,540 km/h)
  • Range: 2,900 nautical miles (5,400 km)
  • Service Ceiling: 85,000 feet (25,900 meters)
  • Rate of Climb: 11,810 feet/min (60.0 m/s)

The SR-71 Blackbird stands as a testament to human ingenuity and the relentless pursuit of technological advancement. Its design, performance, and operational success set it apart as one of the most remarkable aircraft ever built. Despite its retirement, the SR-71’s legacy continues to inspire awe and admiration, symbolizing an era of bold innovation and the quest for supremacy in the skies.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

One inaccuracy in science fiction movies that drives me crazy...

One common inaccuracy in science fiction movies that drives me crazy is the portrayal of sound in space. Many movies depict dramatic explosions, roaring engines, and other loud noises occurring in the vacuum of space. In reality, sound cannot travel in a vacuum because there is no medium (like air or water) for the sound waves to move through. This is a fundamental principle of physics that is often ignored for the sake of dramatic effect. While I understand that this is often done to enhance the cinematic experience, it can be frustrating to see such a basic scientific fact consistently overlooked.

The portrayal of sound in space is one of the most glaring scientific inaccuracies in many science fiction films, and it stems from a misunderstanding or deliberate ignorance of basic physics. Here’s a deeper dive into why this is an issue:

The Science Behind Sound

  • Sound Transmission: Sound is a mechanical wave that travels through the vibration of molecules in a medium (like air, water, or solids). These vibrations move from molecule to molecule, allowing the sound wave to propagate.
  • Vacuum of Space: Space is a near-perfect vacuum, meaning it has an extremely low density of particles. Without a sufficient number of particles to vibrate and transmit sound waves, no sound can travel.

Common Movie Misrepresentations

  • Explosions: Movies often depict spaceships blowing up with loud bangs. In reality, an explosion in space would be silent. You might see the bright flash and debris flying outward, but you wouldn’t hear a thing.
  • Engine Noises: Spacecraft engines and weapons often emit roaring sounds or pew-pew noises. These, too, would be silent in the vacuum of space. Inside the ship, astronauts might hear the hum of machinery due to vibrations transmitted through the structure, but external sounds would not carry.
  • General Ambience: Background sounds like the hum of the cosmos or whistling winds are purely fictional. The real space environment is eerily silent.

Why Movies Do This

  • Dramatic Effect: Sound effects add drama and intensity. The silence of real space could make action scenes feel flat or less engaging.
  • Audience Expectation: Viewers are used to associating visual explosions and action with corresponding sounds, thanks to decades of filmmaking conventions.
  • Immersive Experience: Filmmakers aim to create an immersive experience, and sound is a critical component of that. Removing sound from space scenes might disrupt the audience's immersion.

Notable Exceptions

  • "2001: A Space Odyssey" (1968): This classic film directed by Stanley Kubrick is famous for its realistic portrayal of space, including the silence of the vacuum. The film uses silence effectively to create tension and emphasize the isolation of space.
  • "Gravity" (2013): Directed by Alfonso Cuarón, this film also attempts to depict the silence of space accurately. Explosions and impacts are shown without sound, and the silence enhances the sense of realism and danger.

The Impact of Realism

Accurately portraying the silence of space can be a powerful storytelling tool:

  • Tension and Isolation: The lack of sound can heighten the sense of isolation and vulnerability experienced by characters in space.
  • Scientific Accuracy: A realistic approach can educate audiences about the true nature of space and physics.
  • Artistic Choice: Silence can be used artistically to focus the audience's attention on visual storytelling, dialogue, and the internal experiences of characters.

In conclusion, while the portrayal of sound in space is often inaccurate in science fiction movies, some films choose to embrace realism to create a different kind of dramatic effect. For those who appreciate scientific accuracy, these films offer a refreshing change from the usual Hollywood conventions.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Wednesday, September 30, 2026

Enough Poems! "Ethan"

In the quiet town of Willow Creek, nestled among the dense woods and rolling hills, lived a young boy named Ethan. With tousled brown hair and curious hazel eyes, Ethan seemed like any other child, but little did he know, he possessed a gift unlike any other—a power that would unravel the very fabric of his existence.

It all began one eerie autumn evening when Ethan stumbled upon an old book hidden away in the attic of his family's farmhouse. The dusty tome, bound in cracked leather and adorned with strange symbols, beckoned to him from the shadows, its pages whispering secrets of a world beyond his understanding.

Intrigued, Ethan brushed away the cobwebs and opened the book, its ancient pages crackling with age as he delved into its forbidden knowledge. As he read, a strange sensation washed over him—a tingling warmth that coursed through his veins, filling him with a newfound sense of power.

Unbeknownst to Ethan, he had unlocked a latent ability hidden deep within his mind—a power to control the thoughts and actions of others with but a mere thought. At first, he experimented cautiously, testing the limits of his newfound gift on unsuspecting animals and inanimate objects. But as his confidence grew, so too did the scope of his influence.

One fateful day, while wandering through the town's bustling marketplace, Ethan encountered a group of adults engaged in heated debate. Sensing an opportunity to test his powers, he focused his mind and uttered a single command—a command that sent shivers down the spines of those who heard it.

"Obey me," he whispered, his voice barely audible above the din of the crowd.

To his astonishment, the adults froze in their tracks, their eyes glazed over as if in a trance. Without hesitation, they began to carry out his every whim, their movements stiff and robotic, like puppets on invisible strings.

Overwhelmed by the extent of his abilities, Ethan reveled in his newfound control, relishing the power he wielded over those around him. But as days turned to weeks, he soon discovered the dark consequences of his actions.

The townsfolk grew wary of Ethan's strange behaviour, whispering tales of witchcraft and sorcery behind closed doors. Fearful of his powers, they avoided him at all costs, casting suspicious glances his way whenever he passed by.

Desperate for companionship, Ethan sought solace in the company of his family, but even they could not escape the tendrils of his influence. His parents, once loving and caring, became mere puppets in his grand scheme, their minds clouded by his hypnotic command.

As the days wore on, Ethan's powers began to consume him, twisting his once-innocent mind into a dark and sinister force. No longer content with mere control, he sought to dominate the very essence of those around him, bending their will to his own with ruthless efficiency.

But as his influence spread like a plague throughout the town, a lone voice of resistance emerged from the shadows—a voice determined to free the townsfolk from Ethan's malevolent grasp.

It was Sarah, a spirited young girl with fiery red hair and a heart of gold, who dared to defy Ethan's tyranny. With unwavering courage, she rallied the townsfolk to her cause, leading them in a daring revolt against their oppressor.

Together, they confronted Ethan in the town square, their faces etched with determination as they prepared to face the boy who had once been their friend. But as they stood on the brink of battle, Sarah saw something in Ethan's eyes—a flicker of remorse, a glimmer of the boy he once was.

In that moment, she realized that Ethan was not the monster they had feared, but a victim of his own extraordinary abilities—a lonely child lost in a world he could not control.

With a heavy heart, Sarah reached out to Ethan, her voice soft and soothing as she spoke words of compassion and understanding. And as the sun dipped below the horizon, casting long shadows across the town square, Ethan's powers began to wane, his hold over the townsfolk slipping away like grains of sand through his fingers.

In the end, it was not brute force or violence that saved the town of Willow Creek, but the power of empathy and forgiveness—a power far greater than any magic Ethan could ever hope to wield.

And as the stars twinkled overhead, casting their gentle light upon the sleeping town below, Ethan closed his eyes and let out a sigh of relief, knowing that he was finally free from the burden of his special powers—and free to be the boy he was always meant to be.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

A lament to the end of summer

The Wizard's Feet

Oh, sweet summer, how swiftly you depart,
Your golden days fading like a fleeting dream,
Leaving behind memories that tug at the heart,
As the sun dips low on its final gleam.

With each passing day, your warmth recedes,
And the gentle breeze whispers a solemn tune,
A lament to the end of your sunlit deeds,
As nature prepares for the coming of the moon.

The days grow shorter, the nights grow long,
As shadows lengthen and colours fade,
The chorus of cicadas gives its final song,
A melancholy melody in the evening shade.

Oh, how we long for your radiant embrace,
For the laughter and joy you brought to our days,
But now we must bid you a tearful embrace,
And watch as you vanish in the autumn haze.

Yet, though you may depart, your spirit remains,
In the memories we hold and the warmth of the sun,
A reminder that even as summer wanes,
Its beauty and splendour are never truly done.

So, farewell, sweet summer, we'll cherish your grace,
And eagerly await your return once more,
But until then, we'll hold you in our embrace,
And remember the joys of the days of yore.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

'Tis the end of September - An Ode to Fall

fall leaves

In the waning days of September's reign,
Autumn's arrival whispers in the air,
A symphony of colours begins to flare,
As trees adorn their robes of amber, gold, and flame.

The chill of evening brings a gentle sigh,
A prelude to the frost-kissed morn,
Where dewdrops glisten on the lawn,
And misty veils embrace the earth and sky.

The harvest moon ascends in silent grace,
Casting shadows long upon the ground,
A silver beacon, profound and profound,
Guiding creatures through the night's embrace.

In fields once verdant, now a patchwork quilt,
The crops are gathered, bounty of the land,
Rich abundance held within each hand,
A testament to nature's endless tilt.

The scent of apples fills the air,
As orchards ripe with fruit abound,
Their branches bending low to the ground,
A feast for all, a harvest to share.

The songbirds gather in their flight,
Their melodies a farewell to the sun,
As daylight hours slowly run,
And darkness claims the fading light.

But in the midst of autumn's bittersweet farewell,
There lies a beauty, a poignant grace,
As nature paints with gentle haste,
A tapestry of colours that swell.

For in the falling leaves and fading blooms,
There lies a promise, a whisper of hope,
That life goes on, an endless scope,
Renewed with every season's looms.

So let us cherish these fleeting days,
As September bids its fond adieu,
And welcome autumn's golden hue,
In its embrace, we'll find our ways.

For though the end of September may draw near,
The spirit of fall shall linger on,
In every leaf that tumbles, every dawn,
A reminder that change is ever near.
 
Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

Tuesday, September 29, 2026

FYI - Melanoma

Melanoma

FYIMelanoma is indeed the deadliest form of skin cancer, but its prognosis significantly improves with early detection and treatment. Knowing the early signs of melanoma can help catch the disease at a treatable stage. Here's what you need to look for:

Early Signs of Melanoma

1. The ABCDE Rule

The ABCDE rule is a helpful guideline for identifying potential melanomas by examining moles and skin lesions:

  • A - Asymmetry: One half of the mole or lesion does not match the other half in size, shape, or colour.
  • B - Border: The edges of the mole are irregular, scalloped, or poorly defined.
  • C - Colour: The colour is not uniform and may include shades of brown, black, pink, red, white, or blue.
  • D - Diameter: The mole is larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser), although melanomas can be smaller.
  • E - Evolving: Any change in size, shape, colour, elevation, or another trait, or new symptoms such as bleeding, itching, or crusting.

2. Additional Warning Signs

  • Elevated Lesions: Any new raised growth on the skin that wasn’t there before.
  • Firmness: A mole or lesion that feels hard or firm to the touch.
  • Growth: Any new growth on the skin, regardless of its appearance.

Types of Melanoma

1. Superficial Spreading Melanoma

  • Appearance: Often flat or slightly elevated with irregular borders and varied colors.
  • Common Locations: Typically found on the trunk in men and legs in women, but can occur anywhere on the body.

2. Nodular Melanoma

  • Appearance: Raised, darkly pigmented bump; sometimes may not have any pigment (amelanotic).
  • Growth Rate: Tends to grow more rapidly than other types.

3. Lentigo Maligna Melanoma

  • Appearance: Large, flat, and tan lesions with varying shades of brown. Often appears in areas with significant sun exposure.
  • Common Locations: Face, ears, arms, and upper trunk.

4. Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

  • Appearance: Flat, dark lesions that may look like a bruise and are typically found on the palms, soles, or under the nails.
  • Common Locations: More common in individuals with darker skin tones.

5. Amelanotic Melanoma

  • Appearance: Can be pink, red, purple, or skin-coloured and lacks the dark pigment typical of most melanomas.
  • Detection Difficulty: Often harder to recognize due to lack of pigmentation.

Risk Factors

Understanding the risk factors can help in being more vigilant about checking for melanoma:

  • Fair Skin: People with fair skin, light hair, and light eyes are at higher risk.
  • Sun Exposure: History of excessive sun exposure or sunburns, especially during childhood.
  • Moles: Having many moles or atypical (dysplastic) moles.
  • Family History: A family history of melanoma increases the risk.
  • Personal History: Individuals who have had melanoma or other skin cancers are at higher risk.
  • Weakened Immune System: Conditions or medications that suppress the immune system can increase the risk.

Self-Examination Tips

Regular self-examination is crucial for early detection. Here’s how to perform a thorough check:

  1. Examine Your Entire Body: Use a full-length mirror and a handheld mirror to check your entire body, including hard-to-see areas such as the back, scalp, between the toes, and under the nails.
  2. Look for New Growths: Pay attention to new moles or lesions and any changes in existing ones.
  3. Check Monthly: Conduct self-examinations once a month to become familiar with your skin and notice any changes promptly.

Professional Screening

While self-examinations are important, professional screenings by a dermatologist are essential, especially for those at higher risk:

  • Annual Skin Checks: Schedule an annual skin examination with a dermatologist, who can use tools like dermoscopy to examine moles more closely.
  • Biopsy: If a suspicious mole or lesion is found, a dermatologist may perform a biopsy to determine if it is melanoma.

Melanoma is a serious but often treatable form of skin cancer if detected early. By knowing the early signs of melanoma, regularly performing self-examinations, and seeing a dermatologist for professional screenings, you can significantly increase the chances of early detection and successful treatment. Always protect your skin from excessive sun exposure by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding tanning beds to reduce your risk of developing melanoma.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

TIP: Sleeping In the raw

Bed feet
A lot of pеoplе choosе to slееp nаkеd simply bеcаusе thеy find it morе comfortаblе. But slееping with nothing on cаn cаusе you troublе you probаbly didn’t know аbout!

TIPSleeping naked is a choice many people make for comfort and various health benefits, such as improved sleep quality and better regulation of body temperature. However, it's important to consider some potential drawbacks and precautions to ensure that this practice remains beneficial and doesn't cause any unforeseen trouble.

Potential Drawbacks of Sleeping Naked

1. Hygiene Concerns

  • Sweat and Body Oils: Sleeping naked means there's no barrier between your skin and the sheets, which can lead to an accumulation of sweat, oils, and dead skin cells on your bedding. This can create an environment conducive to bacteria and fungi growth, potentially leading to skin infections or irritations.
  • Increased Laundry: You may need to wash your sheets more frequently to maintain hygiene, which can be more labour-intensive and increase water and detergent usage.

2. Allergies and Sensitivities

  • Dust Mites: Without the barrier of clothing, your skin comes into direct contact with dust mites that live in bedding. For people with dust mite allergies, this can exacerbate symptoms like sneezing, itching, and breathing difficulties.
  • Fabric Allergies: If you have sensitive skin, direct contact with certain fabrics can cause irritation or allergic reactions, which can disturb your sleep.

3. Temperature Regulation

  • Cold Nights: On colder nights or in cooler climates, sleeping naked can make it difficult to maintain a comfortable body temperature, leading to disrupted sleep due to feeling too cold.
  • Overheating: Conversely, if you're someone who easily overheats, not having a layer of clothing to wick away moisture can make you feel clammy and uncomfortable.

4. Accidental Exposure

  • Emergencies: In the event of an emergency, such as a fire or a sudden need to evacuate your home, being naked can delay your response time as you might scramble to find something to wear quickly.
  • Roommates and Guests: If you live with roommates or frequently have guests, the risk of accidental exposure can be embarrassing or uncomfortable.

Precautions and Tips

1. Maintain Bedding Hygiene

  • Frequent Washing: Ensure that you wash your sheets and pillowcases at least once a week to keep them clean and free of sweat, oils, and allergens.
  • Use Mattress Protectors: Consider using a mattress protector to create a barrier between your body and the mattress, which can help reduce the buildup of allergens and bacteria.

2. Temperature Management

  • Adjust Bedding: Use layers of bedding that can be added or removed easily to help regulate your body temperature. For example, keep a lightweight blanket handy for cooler nights and a fan or air conditioning for warmer conditions.
  • Climate Control: If possible, use a thermostat to maintain a consistent, comfortable room temperature that suits your preference for sleeping naked.

3. Skin Care

  • Moisturize: Apply a light moisturizer before bed to keep your skin hydrated, especially if you have dry or sensitive skin.
  • Shower Routine: Consider showering before bed to remove sweat and dirt, ensuring that your skin is clean when you sleep.

4. Privacy Measures

  • Lock Your Door: If privacy is a concern, lock your bedroom door to prevent accidental exposure to roommates or guests.
  • Keep Clothes Handy: Have a robe or set of pajamas within easy reach in case you need to get up quickly during the night.

Conclusion

While sleeping naked can offer comfort and certain health benefits, it's essential to be aware of the potential drawbacks and take steps to mitigate them. Maintaining good hygiene, regulating your bedroom temperature, and ensuring privacy are crucial to making the experience positive and trouble-free. By being mindful of these factors, you can enjoy the comfort of sleeping naked without any negative consequences.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

How it works: Soft Drink Bottling

Coke

A soft drink bottling plant is a complex operation that involves several key processes to ensure the production, packaging, and distribution of soft drinks. Here’s an in-depth look at how these plants operate, from water purification to the final packaging:

1. Water Purification

Initial Filtration:

  • Source Water Treatment: The process begins with water, which is the primary ingredient in soft drinks. Water can come from municipal supplies, wells, or other sources. It undergoes initial filtration to remove large particles.
  • Carbon Filtration: The water then passes through carbon filters to remove chlorine, organic compounds, and other impurities.

Advanced Purification:

  • Reverse Osmosis: In many bottling plants, reverse osmosis (RO) is used to ensure the water is free from contaminants. This process involves pushing water through a semi-permeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles.
  • UV Sterilization: Ultraviolet (UV) light sterilization is often employed to kill any remaining bacteria and viruses, ensuring the water is microbiologically safe.

2. Ingredient Mixing

Syrup Preparation:

  • Concentrate and Sweeteners: The purified water is mixed with a syrup concentrate, which includes flavourings, sweeteners, and colourings. Sweeteners can be sugar, high-fructose corn syrup, or artificial sweeteners, depending on the product.
  • Mixing Tanks: This mixture takes place in large mixing tanks where precise amounts of concentrate and sweeteners are added to the water. These tanks often have stirring mechanisms to ensure even distribution of ingredients.

Carbonation:

  • Carbon Dioxide Injection: For carbonated beverages, the mixture is carbonated by injecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into the liquid under high pressure. This process takes place in carbonation tanks, where CO2 dissolves into the liquid, giving the soft drink its fizz.

3. Bottling Process

Bottle Preparation:

  • Cleaning and Sterilization: Bottles, whether they are glass or plastic, must be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized before being filled. This is usually done with a combination of rinsing and using steam or chemical sterilants.
  • Inspection: Bottles are inspected for any defects or contaminants that could affect the quality of the product.

Filling:

  • Filling Machines: The prepared beverage is transferred to filling machines. These machines fill bottles at high speeds, ensuring consistent volume in each bottle. The filling process varies slightly depending on whether the beverage is carbonated or non-carbonated.
  • Pressure Control: For carbonated drinks, the filling process occurs under counter-pressure to prevent the CO2 from escaping.

Capping:

  • Cap Application: After filling, bottles move to capping machines where caps are applied and sealed tightly. Caps can be twist-off, crown, or other types depending on the bottle design.
  • Inspection: Another inspection occurs to ensure caps are properly applied and bottles are correctly sealed.

4. Labeling and Packaging

Labeling:

  • Automatic Labelers: Bottles are labeled using automatic labeling machines. Labels provide essential information such as the brand, nutritional information, ingredients, and expiry dates.
  • Quality Check: Labels are checked for accuracy and proper adhesion. Mislabeling can lead to significant issues, so this step is critical.

Packaging:

  • Grouping: Bottles are grouped into packs, often using shrink wrap or cardboard cases. Common group sizes include 6-packs, 12-packs, and 24-packs.
  • Palletizing: These packs are then arranged on pallets for easy transportation. Automated palletizers can stack and organize products efficiently.
  • Stretch Wrapping: Pallets are typically wrapped with stretch film to secure the load and protect it during transit.

5. Quality Control

Testing:

  • Sample Testing: Throughout the production process, samples are taken and tested for quality control. Tests can include pH levels, carbonation levels, sweetness, and flavour consistency.
  • Microbiological Testing: Regular microbiological testing ensures that no harmful bacteria or microorganisms are present in the final product.

Inspection:

  • Visual Inspection: Automated systems or manual inspectors look for defects in bottles, labeling, and packaging.
  • Weight Checks: Ensuring each bottle has the correct amount of liquid is vital. Automated weight checks help identify underfilled or overfilled bottles.

6. Distribution

Warehousing:

  • Storage: Finished products are stored in warehouses under controlled conditions to maintain quality.
  • Inventory Management: Efficient inventory management systems track the production date, expiry date, and batch numbers to manage stock rotation and distribution.

Transportation:

  • Loading: Products are loaded onto trucks or other transport vehicles. Care is taken to ensure products are handled gently to avoid damage.
  • Shipping: Bottled beverages are shipped to various destinations, including wholesalers, retailers, and direct to consumers in some cases.

Automation and Efficiency

Modern bottling plants leverage automation to enhance efficiency and consistency. Advanced technologies include:

  • Robotics: Robots handle repetitive tasks such as palletizing and packaging.
  • Computerized Control Systems: These systems monitor and control various aspects of the production process, from ingredient mixing to final packaging.
  • Real-Time Data Analytics: Data collected throughout the process helps in making real-time adjustments, improving quality control, and optimizing production.

Environmental Considerations

Water Usage:

  • Conservation: Bottling plants implement water-saving techniques to minimize waste. This includes recycling and reusing water where possible.
  • Waste Treatment: Wastewater generated during the production process is treated to remove contaminants before being released back into the environment.

Energy Efficiency:

  • Renewable Energy: Many plants are incorporating renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power to reduce their carbon footprint.
  • Energy-Efficient Equipment: The use of energy-efficient machinery and lighting helps in reducing overall energy consumption.

A soft drink bottling plant is a highly coordinated operation involving multiple stages, from water purification to final packaging. It combines advanced technology, stringent quality control, and efficient logistics to produce and distribute beverages that meet high standards of taste and safety. With ongoing advancements in automation and sustainability, the future of bottling plants promises even greater efficiency and environmental stewardship.

Source: Some or all of the content was generated using an AI language model

The Last Bus on 8th Street

 

Saskatoon

Chapter One — 12:47 A.M.

Everyone in Saskatoon knows that the buses stop running eventually.

At least, that's what I thought.

It was a cold January night when I learned there was one bus that apparently didn't follow the schedule.

I had been working late downtown and missed my usual ride home. The wind coming off the South Saskatchewan River was brutal, so I decided to wait at the bus stop on 8th Street.

The electronic sign said:

ROUTE 8 — 12 MINUTES

I pulled my coat tighter around myself.

There was nobody else at the stop.

Then the sign changed.

ROUTE 8 — 1 MINUTE

I looked down the road.

A bus appeared in the distance.

Its headlights were unusually bright.

As it approached, I noticed something strange.

There was no route number displayed above the windshield.

The bus stopped directly in front of me.

The doors opened.

The driver looked at me.

He was an older man with pale skin and completely white hair.

"Where are you going?"

I told him my address.

He nodded.

"Get on."

I stepped inside.

The bus was completely empty.

Not one passenger.

I tapped my card.

The machine accepted it.

Then the doors closed.

As the bus pulled away, I looked at the driver through the mirror.

He wasn't looking at the road.

He was looking at me.

"First time?" he asked.

"First time on this route."

He smiled.

"No."

The bus turned onto a street I didn't recognize.

I looked outside.

The buildings were wrong.

The street signs were wrong.

Even the snow looked different.

Then I noticed something written on the window beside me.

Someone had scratched words into the glass.

DON'T GET OFF AT YOUR STOP.

I stared at them.

The driver suddenly spoke.

"Whatever you do..."

He paused.

"...don't listen when they call your name."

From the back of the bus came a voice.

My voice.

"Michael?"

I froze.

Someone had just called my name.

The driver looked at me in the mirror.

"Don't answer."

Then every light inside the bus went out.

And something began walking toward me from the back.


Chapter Two — The Passengers

I couldn't see anything.

The bus continued moving through the darkness.

I could hear footsteps approaching.

Slow.

Heavy.

One step at a time.

I wanted to run.

But there was nowhere to go.

Then the interior lights flickered back on.

There were people sitting in the seats.

Dozens of them.

They hadn't been there before.

Every passenger was facing forward.

Nobody moved.

Nobody spoke.

I looked at the nearest passenger.

An elderly woman.

Her face was completely expressionless.

I looked at another.

A young man wearing a Saskatoon Blades jacket.

Then another.

A woman holding a grocery bag.

They all looked normal.

Until I noticed their eyes.

Every passenger was staring directly at me.

The bus driver spoke quietly.

"Don't look at them."

I looked away.

The bus continued.

Then someone whispered my name.

"Michael."

I kept my eyes on the floor.

"Michael."

Closer this time.

"Michael."

I felt someone sit beside me.

The seat sank under their weight.

I could smell something like wet earth.

A voice whispered directly beside my ear.

"You missed your stop."

I turned.

Nobody was there.

The bus suddenly stopped.

The doors opened.

Outside was a bus stop.

The sign said:

8TH STREET

I recognized it.

My stop.

The driver looked at me.

"Get off."

I remembered his warning.

Don't get off at your stop.

I stayed seated.

The doors closed.

The bus continued.

The driver smiled.

"Good."

"What happens if I get off?"

He didn't answer.

Instead, he pointed toward the back.

I looked.

Every passenger was standing now.

And every one of them was facing me.

The old woman smiled.

Then she said something that made my blood run cold.

"He's coming."


Chapter Three — The Driver

The bus accelerated.

Faster than any city bus should have been able to travel.

The buildings outside became streaks of light.

The driver remained completely calm.

"Who is coming?" I asked.

He didn't answer.

"Who?"

Finally, he spoke.

"The person who owns the route."

I laughed nervously.

"That's not funny."

"I wasn't joking."

The bus entered a tunnel.

Saskatoon doesn't have a tunnel like that.

I knew that.

But there it was.

A long concrete passage stretching beneath the city.

The lights inside flickered past us.

One.

Two.

Three.

Then I noticed something written on the walls.

Names.

Hundreds of names.

Some were almost impossible to read.

Others were fresh.

I saw one from 1952.

Another from 1979.

Another from 2001.

Then I saw a name I recognized.

My father's.

I stopped breathing.

He had died years earlier.

I jumped up.

"Stop the bus!"

The driver slammed on the brakes.

The passengers remained perfectly still.

I pointed toward the wall.

"That name."

The driver looked at it.

"I know."

"How?"

"He rode this bus too."

My stomach turned.

"My father?"

The driver nodded.

"He got off."

"Where?"

The driver looked at me.

"Home."

That made no sense.

"He died."

"Yes."

The driver turned back toward the road.

"That's what happens when you get off."

The bus began moving again.

I sat down.

Then I heard a sound from the back.

Someone was laughing.

I turned.

The passengers were smiling.

All of them.

And at the very back of the bus sat my father.


Chapter Four — Dad

He looked exactly as I remembered him.

Same coat.

Same glasses.

Same tired smile.

I stood.

"Dad?"

The driver shouted:

"Don't!"

My father raised one finger to his lips.

"Don't listen to him."

His voice was exactly right.

I walked toward him.

The passengers moved aside.

"Dad, what is this?"

He looked sad.

"You shouldn't have taken the bus."

"I didn't know."

"I know."

He looked toward the driver.

"He's been doing this for a very long time."

The driver didn't react.

My father leaned closer.

"This bus doesn't travel through Saskatoon."

"Then where are we?"

He pointed toward the windows.

"Between places."

I looked outside.

The tunnel had disappeared.

Now the bus was travelling beside the river.

But the river was enormous.

It stretched to the horizon.

There were no bridges.

No buildings.

No lights.

Only black water.

Floating on the water were hundreds of street signs.

8th Street.

Circle Drive.

Idylwyld Drive.

College Drive.

Broadway.

All of them slowly sinking.

My father whispered:

"The city is being erased."

"What?"

He looked at me.

"Every time someone takes this bus, something disappears."

"Why?"

"Because the thing driving it needs somewhere to go."

The bus suddenly stopped.

The doors opened.

Outside was my childhood home.

My father stood.

"This is my stop."

"No."

He smiled.

"You can't come with me."

He stepped off.

The doors closed.

I watched him disappear into the house.

Then the house vanished.

I screamed.

The driver looked at me.

"Now you understand."


Chapter Five — The Last Stop

The bus continued.

Buildings disappeared outside the windows.

First neighbourhoods.

Then streets.

Then entire sections of Saskatoon.

I could see the city becoming darker behind us.

"What happens when everything disappears?"

The driver didn't answer.

I looked at the passengers.

Some were crying.

Some were sleeping.

Some were staring blankly ahead.

One by one, they began disappearing.

A man vanished.

Then a woman.

Then a child.

Finally, only three passengers remained.

The driver.

Me.

And an old woman sitting at the back.

She looked at me.

"You have to drive."

I laughed.

"What?"

"You have to take his place."

The driver turned around.

She continued.

"Every driver was once a passenger."

I looked at the driver.

"Is that true?"

He nodded.

"I got on this bus in 1948."

"Where were you going?"

"Saskatoon."

"And you never arrived?"

He smiled.

"I arrived."

He pointed toward the windshield.

"This is what Saskatoon looks like now."

I looked ahead.

The road ended at a massive black doorway.

Beyond it was complete darkness.

The driver stopped.

"This is the last stop."

The doors opened.

Cold air rushed inside.

I could hear thousands of voices outside.

All calling my name.

The driver stood.

"It's your turn."

He walked toward the door.

Then he disappeared.

The old woman stood beside me.

"Drive."

I looked at the controls.

The engine was still running.

I understood.

If I didn't take the driver's seat, the bus would continue.

And wherever it went, something would disappear.

Maybe Saskatoon.

Maybe the entire world.

I sat behind the wheel.

The bus doors closed.

The old woman smiled.

"Good."

Then every passenger disappeared.

I was alone.


Chapter Six — The Route

The steering wheel was freezing.

I looked at the dashboard.

There was no speedometer.

No fuel gauge.

Only one display.

NEXT STOP: SASKATOON

I laughed.

"Saskatoon?"

The bus started moving.

The darkness outside disappeared.

Suddenly I was driving down 8th Street.

Everything looked normal.

Cars.

Buildings.

Traffic lights.

People walking.

I almost cried with relief.

Then I noticed something.

Nobody could see the bus.

Cars drove straight through it.

People walked through the passengers' seats.

I was driving through the city like a ghost.

The bus stopped at a familiar intersection.

A young man stood at the bus stop.

He looked cold.

Alone.

I opened the doors.

He stepped inside.

"Where are you going?" I asked.

He gave me an address.

I knew it.

It was my address.

I stared at him.

"Why are you going there?"

He smiled.

"To see you."

I felt the blood drain from my face.

The doors closed.

The bus continued.

The young man walked toward the back.

I looked in the mirror.

He was gone.

In his place was another passenger.

Me.

A second version of myself was sitting at the back of the bus.

He looked at me.

Then he smiled.

"You finally understand."

I gripped the steering wheel.

"Understand what?"

He leaned forward.

"There was never a last bus."

The lights went out.


Chapter Seven — The Real Saskatoon

When the lights returned, Saskatoon was gone.

Not destroyed.

Not abandoned.

Gone.

There was nothing outside the windows.

No buildings.

No roads.

No river.

Only endless darkness.

My other self stood behind me.

"The bus doesn't travel through the city."

"Then where does it go?"

"Through people's memories."

He pointed toward the windshield.

"Every stop is someone's memory of Saskatoon."

I looked outside.

Suddenly I saw my childhood.

There was my father.

There was my old home.

There was my first school.

There were streets I hadn't seen in decades.

Everything was there.

The bus was driving through my memories.

My other self whispered:

"Eventually, you forget."

"What?"

"You forget the city."

Then I realized what had been happening.

The more I rode the bus, the more memories disappeared.

My father's face.

My childhood home.

My friends.

My first job.

Everything.

The bus wasn't taking people.

It was taking memories.

And when nothing remained, the person disappeared too.

My other self smiled.

"You're almost empty."

I looked at my hands.

They were becoming transparent.

"No."

I grabbed the steering wheel.

"I remember."

The bus shook.

I shouted every memory I could think of.

My father's name.

My mother's voice.

The smell of snow.

The river.

8th Street.

The bridges.

The University.

The streets downtown.

The bus began screaming.

Not the engine.

The bus itself.

The walls cracked.

The windows shattered.

And something enormous screamed from beneath the floor.


Chapter Eight — The River

The bus exploded into darkness.

I woke beside the South Saskatchewan River.

Morning sunlight was coming through the trees.

People were walking along the path.

A cyclist passed me.

A dog barked.

Everything seemed normal.

I checked my phone.

8:14 a.m.

There was no record of the bus.

No strange messages.

Nothing.

I went home.

My apartment was exactly as I had left it.

For several days, nothing happened.

Then I noticed something.

My father was missing from every photograph.

I searched my phone.

Nothing.

I searched old albums.

Nothing.

Nobody else remembered him.

I asked my mother.

She stared at me.

"Who?"

I felt sick.

"You know. Dad."

She looked confused.

"I don't have a husband."

I realized then that the bus had won.

It had taken him.

Not his life.

His memory.

And I was the only person who remembered him.

That night, I heard a bus outside.

I looked through the window.

A city bus sat across the street.

Its lights were off.

The route display was blank.

The doors opened.

Nobody got out.

Then my phone vibrated.

One message.

YOUR FATHER IS WAITING.

A second message followed.

HE MISSES YOU.


Chapter Nine — The Bus Stop

I went outside.

I knew I shouldn't.

But I had to know.

The bus waited at the curb.

I walked toward it.

The driver was gone.

The doors were open.

I stepped inside.

The bus was empty.

Except for one seat.

My father was sitting there.

He looked exactly as I remembered him.

I started crying.

"Dad."

He smiled.

"You remembered."

"How do I get you back?"

"You can't."

"Why?"

"Because someone has to drive."

I looked toward the driver's seat.

There was nobody there.

My father stood.

"You already know what happens."

"No."

He placed his hand on my shoulder.

"Every city needs someone who remembers."

The bus doors closed.

I understood.

If I left, the bus would take someone else.

Another passenger.

Another memory.

Another family.

Another piece of Saskatoon.

So I sat behind the wheel.

My father sat behind me.

The engine started.

Outside the windows, the city appeared.

Saskatoon.

Perfect.

Alive.

Real.

I smiled.

Then I saw something that made me afraid.

Every bus stop was filled with people.

Thousands of them.

Waiting.

All of them staring at me.

And every one of them was holding a photograph.

In every photograph was someone they had forgotten.


Chapter Ten — The Driver

I have been driving the bus for three years.

I don't age.

I don't sleep.

I don't leave the driver's seat.

But I remember.

That's the important part.

Every night, the bus travels through Saskatoon.

Sometimes it takes someone.

Sometimes it returns someone.

Sometimes it simply drives past.

Most people never notice it.

But occasionally, someone sees the empty route display.

Someone notices the bus arriving at 12:47 a.m.

Someone steps aboard.

When they do, I ask the same question.

"Where are you going?"

They give me an address.

I take them there.

But before they leave, I warn them.

"Don't get off at your stop."

Most don't listen.

Some do.

The ones who listen become passengers.

The ones who don't become memories.

And occasionally, someone remembers too much.

Those people become drivers.

Tonight, I am sitting at the wheel again.

The city is quiet.

Snow is falling.

The river is black beneath the bridges.

I see someone waiting at the next stop.

A man standing alone.

He looks familiar.

Very familiar.

I pull over.

The doors open.

He steps inside.

I look at him.

He looks at me.

Neither of us speaks.

Then I realize who he is.

My father.

He smiles.

"You've been driving a long time."

I look at the clock.

12:47 a.m.

Exactly the same time as the night I first boarded.

My father sits down.

I grip the steering wheel.

Outside, Saskatoon begins to disappear.

One street at a time.

One building at a time.

One memory at a time.

And somewhere beneath the South Saskatchewan River, something enormous wakes up.

The bus begins moving.

I turn onto 8th Street.

And the route display finally lights up.

NEXT STOP: NOWHERE.