High blood pressure, medically known as hypertension, is often called "the silent killer" because it typically has no obvious symptoms but can cause serious damage to the body over time. Many people with hypertension are unaware they have it, which makes regular monitoring essential. Left untreated, high blood pressure can lead to life-threatening complications such as heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss.
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps. It is measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and recorded with two numbers: systolic pressure (the top number) and diastolic pressure (the bottom number). A normal reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is generally diagnosed when readings consistently exceed 130/80 mmHg.
One of the most concerning aspects of hypertension is its stealthy nature. Unlike other medical conditions that cause noticeable pain or discomfort, high blood pressure often goes unnoticed until it has already caused significant harm. This is why it is crucial for individuals, especially those over 40 or with a family history of hypertension, to have their blood pressure checked regularly.
Several factors can contribute to the development of high blood pressure. These include age, genetics, poor diet (particularly diets high in salt and saturated fats), lack of physical activity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, and underlying conditions such as kidney disease or diabetes. As modern lifestyles become increasingly sedentary and fast food more common, hypertension is on the rise worldwide.
The long-term effects of untreated hypertension can be devastating. The constant high pressure puts strain on the arteries, causing them to harden and narrow, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. The heart itself can become enlarged as it works harder to pump blood, which can eventually lead to heart failure. Hypertension also damages the small, delicate blood vessels in the kidneys and eyes, leading to kidney disease and vision problems.
Fortunately, high blood pressure can often be managed or even prevented with lifestyle changes and, when necessary, medication. Reducing salt intake, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, limiting alcohol, avoiding tobacco, and managing stress are all key steps. For some individuals, prescribed medications such as diuretics, ACE inhibitors, or beta-blockers are needed to control blood pressure effectively.
Public awareness is vital. Many people mistakenly believe that they would "feel" if something were wrong. However, because hypertension progresses quietly, regular screening is the best defence. By taking blood pressure seriously and adopting healthier habits, individuals can greatly reduce their risk of complications.
In conclusion, high blood pressure truly is a silent killer. It can slowly damage the body without warning, but with proper vigilance and proactive health choices, its dangerous effects can often be prevented or managed. Early detection saves lives.
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