As of 2026, consensual same-sex relationships remain illegal in dozens of countries around the world. Laws vary widely, from fines and imprisonment to, in a few countries, the possibility of the death penalty.Some countries where same-sex sexual activity is illegal include:
Africa
- Uganda
- Kenya
- Tanzania
- Nigeria
- Ghana
- Zambia
Middle East
- Saudi Arabia
- Iran
- Yemen
- Qatar
- United Arab Emirates
Asia
- Malaysia
- Myanmar
- Afghanistan
Caribbean
- Jamaica
- Barbados (although legal reforms have occurred recently, laws and enforcement can change)
- Several other Caribbean nations have historically maintained anti-gay laws, though court decisions have overturned some of them in recent years.
Death Penalty
A small number of countries have laws under which same-sex sexual activity may be punishable by death, including:
- Iran
- Saudi Arabia
- Yemen
- Afghanistan (under current Taliban rule)
- Parts of Nigeria and Somalia that apply certain interpretations of Islamic law
🌍 The global trend over the last several decades has been toward decriminalization. More than 130 countries now allow consensual same-sex relationships between adults, and many have enacted anti-discrimination protections or legalized same-sex marriage.
In Canada, same-sex activity was decriminalized in 1969, and same-sex marriage became legal nationwide in 2005. Canada is generally regarded as one of the more LGBTQ+-friendly countries in the world.

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